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Five Typical Mistakes For Constructing and Maintaining SQL Server Databases
The creation and maintenance of a SQL server database environment is no simple task. There are many parameters to consider for design, support, and troubleshooting. Making a mistake in those areas or overlooking certain details and tasks only make the job harder.
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These are 5 typical mistakes that occur in the creation and maintenance of a SQL server database environment. There are, of course, more, but tackling these will hopefully keep you on the right track.
1. No Backup Plan
If you aren't backing up your databases often you are leaving yourself open for disaster. Proper backup procedures include a backup plan that 1) makes regular backups, 2) tests your ability to retrieve and restore data from backup systems, and 3) uses alternative locations other than the database server for data storage. Be sure to backup early and often. You will never want to come across a scenario where you don't have the backed up data.
2. Using an Ad Hoc Query
The database should only be accessed by users through stored procedures on the application level. Permissions like INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, and DELETE are usable when users are writing their on code with an Ad Hoc query. Stored procedures enable only EXECUTE permissions preserving data integrity and providing improved performance through compiling and caching. Proper SQL optimization begins with removing most or all ad hoc queries.
3. Improper Testing
Just like having a bad backup plan, if you put code in production before it is tested you are putting yourself in a bad spot. Not providing for beta and on-going testing is also a mistake. An optimal pre-production test should be as similar as possible to the production environment. Smaller test databases don’t always scale well to fully functioning production environments. Performing tests now is always preferred over making fixes later.
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4. Insufficient Monitoring
You should not assume that your database is already optimized and has no issues with performance. Quality SQL optimization will need constant performance monitoring so that users are always getting the best possible experience at any given time. Not performing the proper monitoring opens you up to slowed performance due to applications and queries using up system resources. These SQL server hardware environments and queries need to be monitored an optimized frequently to make sure the system is performing to its optimum potential. SQL monitors give DBAs a historical view of trend data to help them create a plan to tune the database and improve performance.
5. No Change Management Process
Changing a stable production environment should not be done light-heartedly. It necessitates that you test, plan, and implement properly. Using a change management process will offer better structure when making changes. Documentation of how, when, and why database changes are to occur enables quick reversions in case database changes don’t go as planned. Diligent pre-production testing should also be a part of your change management process. Don't forget to document everything that you do.